03175nas a2200337   4500008004100000022001400041245016700055210006900222260001200291490000700303520202400310653001702334653003702351653002302388653001102411653001102422653001302433653001402446100001702460700002702477700002802504700002602532700003202558700001602590700003202606700001902638700003302657700003202690700003102722856008402753       2020                        eng d  a1676-061100aDrivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Cantareira System Protected Area : A prospective analysis of the implementation of public policies0 aDrivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystem services in the   c05/20200 v203 aThe lack of implementation of well-designed public policies aimed at the conservation of natural ecosystems has resulted, at a global level, in the decline of ecosystem functioning and, consequently, of the contributions they make to people. The poor enforcement of important environmental legislation in Brazil - for instance, the “Atlantic Forest Law” (Law n.11.428/2006) and the “Forest Code” (Law n.12.651/2012) - could compromise the overall maintenance of ecosystems and the services they provide. To explore the implications of different levels of federal laws’ enforcement within the Cantareira System Protected Area (PA) - a PA in southeastern Brazil that provides fresh water for 47% of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area -, we developed a conceptual framework to identify indirect and direct drives of biodiversity and ecosystem changes. We also projected four land-use scenarios to 2050 to test the effects of deforestation control and forest restoration practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services maintenance: the “business-as-usual” scenario (BAU), which assumes that all trends in land-use cover changes observed in the past will continue in the future, and three alternative exploratory scenarios considering the Atlantic Forest Law implementation, the partial implementation of the Forest Code and the full implementation of the Forest Code. Using the land-use maps generated for each scenario, we assessed the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity conservation and soil retention. Our results revealed all alternative scenarios could increase biodiversity conservation (by 7%; 12%; and 12%, respectively), reduce soil loss (by 24.70%; 34.70%; and 38.12%, respectively) and sediment exportation to water (by 27.47%; 55.06%; and 59.28%, respectively), when compared to the BAU scenario. Our findings highlight the importance of restoring and conserving native vegetation for the maintenance and improvement of biodiversity conservation and for the provision of ecosystem services.10aBiodiversity10aCantareira System Protected Area10aEcosystem services10aGLOBIO10aInVEST10aModeling10aScenarios1 aDib, Viviane1 aNalon, Marco, Aurélio1 aAmazonas, Nino, Tavares1 aVidal, Cristina, Yuri1 aOrtiz-Rodríguez, Iván, A.1 aDaněk, Jan1 ade Oliveira, Maíra, Formis1 aAlberti, Paola1 ada Silva, Rafaela, Aparecida1 aPrecinoto, Raíza, Salomão1 aGomes, Taciana, Figueiredo  uhttps://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032020000500201